The Applied Sciences class is a senior-level, honors course that has been developed for the top science students at our school. In this year-long, project-based
| скачать 18. Brief Course Description The Applied Sciences class is a senior-level, honors course that has been developed for the top science students at our school. In this year-long, project-based course, students are required to use the information that they have learned in their previous science and math classes (see Pre-Requisites and Co-Requisites) to solve "real world" problems. They will also learn new material when they find out that they need to know more during the process of solving problems. Students will do a number of chemistry, biology, and physics related labs, initiate and work on long term projects to develop working prototypes that address “real world” needs, make outside contacts with people who can provide more information and insight towards their projects, go on field trips, write technical reports, and make formal technical presentations. ^ Course Goals and/or Major Student Outcomes Scientific principles are usually the focus of most science courses in high school and college. The use of these principles to understand our experiences in the world, or to develop solutions to "real-world" problems are usually a small part of these courses. The focus of this applied sciences course will be the application of scientific principles toward "real world" situations, which can be a most rewarding aspect of scientific learning. This year-long course will be a project-based class which will require the students to use the information that they have learned in their previous science and math classes. They will also learn new material when they find out that they need to know more during the process of solving problems. Students will do a number of chemistry, biology, and physics related labs, initiate and work on long term projects to develop working prototypes that address “real world” needs, make outside contacts with people who can provide more information and insight towards their projects, go on field trips, write technical reports, and make formal technical presentations. This course will not be taught in the conventional sense, as the instructor will act more as a mentor than a teacher. The lab exercises will cover subjects such as chemical analyses and development of analytical instrumentation, techniques in biotechnology, design engineering and fabrication of devices for individuals with disabilities, electronics, environmental monitoring, and product development. The students will find that the depth of their understanding and work in this class will depend on the level of their formal education in science and math. Because of the nature of the course, enrollment will be limited to 8-10 students of exceptional maturity, focus, and drive who have fulfilled the course prerequisite. The communication of ideas and results will be strongly emphasized. Each student will be taught how to properly record/write up their work and how to make formal presentations during the course of instruction. Students will be evaluated on the results of their work, the quality of their reports and formal presentations, and their ability to use the science that they have learned in the classroom toward real world problems. ^ Course Objectives In this year-long, project-based course, students are required to use the information that they have learned in their previous science and math classes (see Pre-Requisites and Co-Requisites) to solve "real world" problems. They will also learn new material when they find out that they need to know more during the process of solving problems. Students will examine the creative process in science and math, do five to eight chemistry, biology, and physics related labs, initiate and work on long term projects to develop working prototypes that address “real world” needs, make outside contacts with people who can provide more information and insight towards their projects, go on field trips, write technical reports, and make formal technical presentations. The science and math skills that the students are expected to incorporate into their projects are listed below. ^ • laboratory safety • interpretation of the Periodic Table • metric system • unit analysis • unit conversion • estimating significant figures • uncertainty and error analysis • sensitivity • accuracy and precision • mass/mole conversions • solution preparations • stoichiometry • distillation • paper chromatography • titration • identification of unknown elements/compounds • water quality chemical analysis • advanced glass bending • wet mounting slides • staining techniques • dissecting techniques (scalpel/forceps/teasing needle) • ability to understand lab procedures from reading instructions • ability to perform nonstandard scientific procedures • ability to create experimental designs • use of computer spread sheet programs for writing lab reports • ability to make formal scientific presentations • ability to use the Internet as a reference resource ^ • Vernier sensors • micrometer • electronic balance • standard chemical glassware • multimeter • thermometer • Bunsen burner • centrifuge • Buchner funnel/vacuum flask • pipette • burette • micropipette • compound and dissection microscopes • spectrophotometer • chromatography and electrophoresis equipment • nonstandard chemical glassware • organic chemistry glassware Math Skills Used
Computer Programming Skills Used
21. Course Outline Major Activities A) Exercises and Discussions to Understand the Creative Process in Science B) Chemistry, Biology, and Physics Related Labs C) Field Trips D) Initiate and Develop Long Term Projects E) Work on Long Term Projects Incorporating Science and Math Skills F) Develop Project Prototypes G) Learn About the Patent Process for New Scientific Developments H) Learn How to Contact People Who Can Provide Additional Project Information I) Learn How to Write Formal Technical Reports J) Learn How to make Formal Technical Presentations (Because the Chemistry and Advanced Chemistry courses are major pre-requisites for this class, students will be expected to use their understanding of the chemical concepts that are listed below in their work whenever possible.) ^ Scientific Method; Properties of Matter; States of Matter; Physical Changes; Mixtures; Elements and Compounds; Chemical Symbols; Energy; Conservation of Energy; Chemical Reactions; Conservation of Mass Scientific Measurement Accuracy and Precision; Significant Figures; Metric System; Measuring Density; Specific Gravity; Temperature; Heat; Specific Heat Capacity ^ Word Problems; Conversion Factors; Dimensional Analysis; Converting Between Units; Multi-step Problems; Converting Complex Units Chromatography Lab Atomic Structure Atoms; Electrons, Protons and Neutrons; Structure of the Atom; Atomic Number; Mass Number; Isotopes; Atomic Mass ^ Development of Atomic Models; Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom; Atomic Orbitals; Electron Configuration; Light and Atomic Spectra; Quantum Concept; Photoelectric Effect Identification of Metals Chemical Periodicity Periodic Table; Electron Configuration and Periodicity; Atomic Size; Ionization Energy; Electron Affinity; Ionic Size; Electronegativity Identification of Anions and Cations in Solution Lab ^ Valence Electrons; Cations; Anions; Ionic Compounds; Metallic Bonds Covalent Bonds Single Covalent Bonds; Double and Triple Covalent Bonds; Covalent Compounds; Resonance; Exceptions to the Octet Rule; Molecular Orbitals; Polar Bonds; Polar Molecules ^ Atoms and Ions; Compounds; Chemical Formulas; Law of Multiple Proportions; Ionic Charges of the Elements; Polyatomic Ions; Common and Systematic Names: Writing Formulas; Naming Ionic Compounds; Binary Molecular Compounds; Acids Chemical Quantities Measuring Matter; Mole; Gram Formula Mass; Molar Mass; Mole-Mass Conversions; Molar Volume; Percent Composition; Empirical Formulas; Molecular Formulas Quantitative Analysis Lab ^ Chemical Equations; Balancing Chemical Equations; Combination Reactions; Decomposition Reactions; Single-Replacement Reactions; Double-Replacement Reactions; Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis; Combustion Reactions Stoichiometry Interpreting Chemical Reactions; Mole-Mole Calculations; Mass-Mass Calculations; Limiting Reagents; Percent Yields; Energy Changes in a Chemical Reaction; Heat of Reaction ^ Kinetic Theory and the Nature of Gasses; Kinetic Energy and Temperature; Pressure; Liquids; Vaporization; Boiling Point; Solids; Phase Changes Crystal Structures Lab Distillation Lab The Behavior of Gases Real vs Ideal Gasses; Dalton's Law; Charles Law; Boyle's Law; Gay-Lussac's Law; Combined Gas Law; Ideal Gas Law; Departures From the Gas Laws; Diffusion and Graham's Law ^ Water Molecule; Heat Capacity; Vaporization; Aqueous Solutions; Solvation; Water of Hydration; Electrolytes Properties of Solutions Solubility; Chromatography; Molarity; Making Dilutions; Percent Solutions; Colligative Properties; Molalaity and Mole Fraction ^ Properties of Acids and Bases; Hydrogen Ions From Water; Hydronium Ion and Auto-ionization; pH; Arrhenius Acids and Bases; Brontsted-Lowry Acids and Bases; Lewis Acids and Bases; Measuring pH; Strengths of Acids and Bases; Dissociation Constants Acids and Bases - Determination of pH Lab Characteristic Reactions of Acids and Bases Lab Acid/Base Titration Lab ^ Neutralization Reactions; Titrations; Equivalents; Normality; Salt Hydrolysis; Buffers; Common Ion Effect Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Properties of Aqueous Solutions; Net Ionic Equations; Exchange Reactions; Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Some Reactions of Metal Ions Lab ^ Properties of Gasses; Gas Laws; Ideal Gas Law; Gas Laws and Chemical Reactions; Gas Mixtures and Partial Pressures; Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gasses; Graham's Law of Diffusion and Effusion; Nonideal Gasses Indirect Determination of the Masses of Pieces of Magnesium Lab Determination of the Molecular Weight of a Volatile Compound Lab ^ Phases of Matter and the Kinetic Molecular Theory; Intermolecular Forces; Properties of Liquids; Solids; Special Properties of Liquid and Solid Water; Phase Changes Indirect Gravimetric Determinations Lab ^ Units of Concentration; Solution Process; Colligative Properties Paper Chromatography Lab Percent Copper and Formula Weight of a Copper Compound Lab Atomic Structure Electromagnetic Radiation; Quantization of Energy; Photoelectric Effect; Atomic Line Spectra; Wave Properties of the Electron; Quantum Mechanics ^ Electron Spin; Pauli Exclusion Principle; Atomic Orbital Energies and Electron Assignments; Atom Electron Configurations; Ion Orbital Energies; Atomic Properties and Periodic Trends Relative Reactivity of Metals and the Activity Series Lab ^ Valence Electrons; Chemical Bond Formation; Ionic Bonding; Covalent Bonding; Bond Properties; Molecular Shape; Molecular Polarity Visit to an Environmental and Forensics Laboratory Field Trip ^ Chemical Equations; Balancing Chemical Equations; Common Types of Chemical Reactions; Stoichiometry; Limiting Reagents; Percent Yield The Preparation of Common Alum From Scrap Aluminum Lab A Sequence of Chemical Reactions Lab Thermochemistry Units of Energy; Heat Capacity and Specific Heat; Enthalpy; Hess's Law; Calorimetry ^ Radioactivity; Nuclear Reactions; Stability of Atomic Nuclei; Nuclear Fission; Nuclear Fusion; Disintegration Rates Chemical Kinetics Chemical Reaction Rates; Rate Expressions; Reaction Mechanisms Chemical Equilibria Equilibrium Constant; Equilibrium, Kinetics and Mechanisms ^ Solubility of Salts; Solubility Product; Precipitation of Insoluble Salts; Common Ion Effect Qualitative Analysis for Cations Lab Chemical Thermodynamics Thermodynamics Versus Kinetics; Energy and Spontaneity; Entropy Electrochemistry Electrochemical Cells and Potentials; Voltaic Cells; Common Batteries and Storage Cells; Electrolysis; Corrosion Oxidation-Reduction Titrations Lab ^ Alkanes; Functional Groups and Common Classes of Organic Compounds Preparation of Common Esters Lab 22. Texts and Supplemental Instructional Materials Conceptual Blockbusting, A Guide to Better Ideas, by James L. Adams (Addison Wesley, 1986) Applied Chemistry, 2nd Ed. (William R. Stine) Chemistry and Chemical Reactivity, 2nd Ed. (J.C. Kotz and K.F. Purcell) Assistive Technology for Persons with Disabilities, 2nd Ed. (The American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc.) A variety of resources and manuals are be used for the laboratory work of this class. Every year that this class has been offered, individuals in academia, from the private sector, and at related organizations and agencies have been contacted and have agreed to be resources for the students. These individuals include Professor Sherry Sheppard from the Center for Design Research in the Department of Engineering at Stanford University, Professor Larry Udell from the School of Business and Economics at California State University at Hayward, a corporate patent attorney, scientists, engineers, and a contact at the Tetra Society of North America, which is an organization whose charter it is to identify needs of the disabled. The Sunnyvale Center for Innovation, Invention and Ideas (SCI3) is also an important resource for the students, as it contains a patent library with full patent search capabilities. ^ Key Assignments Labs, development of individual projects, project results and prototypes, project reports and presentations, lab notebook evaluation, and class participation will account for the class grade in the following way: Labs 10% Project Development 20% Project Results and Prototypes 30% Project Reports 10% Project Presentations 10% Lab Notebook Evaluation 10% ^ Total 100%. 24. Instructional Methods and/or Strategies Students will do a number of chemistry, biology, and physics related labs, initiate and work on long term projects to develop working prototypes that address “real world” needs, make outside contacts with people who can provide more information and insight towards their projects, go on field trips, write technical reports, and make formal technical presentations. This course will not be taught in the conventional sense, as the instructor will act more as a mentor than a teacher. The lab exercises will cover subjects such as chemical analyses and development of analytical instrumentation, techniques in biotechnology, design engineering and fabrication of devices for individuals with disabilities, electronics, environmental monitoring, and product development. The communication of ideas and results will be strongly emphasized. Each student will be taught how to properly record/write up their work and how to make formal presentations during the course of instruction. Students will be evaluated on the results of their work, the quality of their reports and formal presentations, and their ability to use the science that they have learned in the classroom toward real world problems. ^ A) Lectures B) Discussions C) Teacher Supervised Labs D) Major Projects Initiated, Designed, and Executed by Student E) Prototype Development F) Field Trips G) Guest Speakers H) Technical Reports I) Formal Presentations by Students ^ Assessment Methods and/or Tools Labs: The lab grade will be based on the student’s preparedness for lab, ability to follow directions, safe conduct, and demonstration of understanding the lab material. Project Development: Students will be required to initiate, develop, and work on long term projects to produce working prototypes that address “real world” needs. The student’s technical approach will be evaluated for both validity and completeness. Project Results and Prototypes: Student learning, new discoveries, and prototypes designed/built will be evaluated by the teacher. Project Reports: Students will learn how to write technical reports that are typically produced by working scientists and engineers. Project Presentations: Formal PowerPoint presentations will be developed and made by the students. Lab Notebook Evaluation: Each student’s lab notebook will be evaluated throughout the year for content and organization. Class Participation: Classroom participation will be evaluated on the student’s contribution to class discussions, performance on in-class work and willingness to work (i.e. behavior and attitude).
|
Be the first user to rate this..
Your rate: Place this button on your site: